If you're running on MsBuild and/or VisualStudio you can add something like this to your .vcxproj:

<Project>
    ...
    <PropertyGroup>
      <BuildDependsOn>
        CreateSDKInfo;$(BuildDependsOn)
      </BuildDependsOn>
    </PropertyGroup>
    
    <Target Name="CreateSDKInfo">
      <PropertyGroup>
        <SDKInfo>
  #define COMPILATION_INCLUDEPATH "$(IncludePath.Replace('\', '\\'))"
  #define W10_SDK_INSTALLATION_FOLDER "$([System.String]::new($(registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0@InstallationFolder)).Replace('\', '\\'))"
  #define W10_SDK_PRODUCT_NAME "$(registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0@ProductName)"
  #define W10_SDK_PRODUCT_VERSION "$(registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0@ProductVersion)"
        </SDKInfo>
      </PropertyGroup>
      <WriteLinesToFile File="$(ProjectDir)SDKInfo.h" Overwrite="true" Lines="$(SDKInfo)" />
    </Target>
   ...
</Project>
    

This will create a SDKInfo.h file in your project (before compilation targets) that will define the COMPILATION_INCLUDEPATH identifier and its value will be a concatenated list of included paths at project compile time.

This contains exact SDK paths. You could post parse it at runtime or define a more complex task (this can be done inline with C# code) to include only what you need at compilation time. Here is what this file looks like for me:

#define COMPILATION_INCLUDEPATH "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Professional\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.43.34808\\include;;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Professional\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.43.34808\\atlmfc\\include;;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Professional\\VC\\Auxiliary\\VS\\include;;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.26100.0\\ucrt;;;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.26100.0\\um;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.26100.0\\shared;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.26100.0\\winrt;PreventSdkUapPropsAssignment;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\NETFXSDK\\4.8.1\\Include\\um;"
#define W10_SDK_INSTALLATION_FOLDER "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\"
#define W10_SDK_PRODUCT_NAME "Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 10.0.26100"
#define W10_SDK_PRODUCT_VERSION "10.0.26100"

As a bonus, I've also added the latest installed SDK installed path and version (it can be different from what your project uses) from the registry.