There are usually many ways to declare interop code. Here is one that should work:

public static void Main()
{
    D3D12GetDebugInterface(typeof(ID3D12Debug).GUID, out var obj);
    var debug = (ID3D12Debug)obj;
    debug.EnableDebugLayer(); // for example
}

[DllImport("D3D12")]
public static extern int D3D12GetDebugInterface([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid riid, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.IUnknown)] out object ppvDebug);

[Guid("344488b7-6846-474b-b989-f027448245e0"), InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
public interface ID3D12Debug
{
    [PreserveSig]
    void EnableDebugLayer();
}

• You must add interface Guid and InterfaceType attributes for COM interfaces.
• Guid can be passed easily by reference using UnmanagedType.LPStruct
• You don't need unsafe code here.
• You should check for errors (undone in my code)
• If you need .NET interface definitions with DirectX, you can use this open source project here: https://github.com/smourier/DirectN, for example: https://github.com/smourier/DirectN/blob/master/DirectN/DirectN/Generated/ID3D12Debug.cs