If shell:appsFolder is really what you want, then use it. Something like this:

CoInitialize(NULL);
CComPtr<IShellItem> folder;
if (SUCCEEDED(SHCreateItemFromParsingName(L"shell:appsFolder", nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(&folder))))
{
  CComPtr<IEnumShellItems> enumItems;
  if (SUCCEEDED(folder->BindToHandler(nullptr, BHID_EnumItems, IID_PPV_ARGS(&enumItems))))
  {
    IShellItem* items;
    while (enumItems->Next(1, &items, nullptr) == S_OK)
    {
      CComPtr<IShellItem> item = items;
      CComHeapPtr<wchar_t> name;
      if (SUCCEEDED(item->GetDisplayName(SIGDN_NORMALDISPLAY, &name)))
      {
        wprintf(L"%s\n", name);
      }

      // dump all properties
      CComPtr<IPropertyStore> store;
      if (SUCCEEDED(item->BindToHandler(NULL, BHID_PropertyStore, IID_PPV_ARGS(&store))))
      {
        DWORD count = 0;
        store->GetCount(&count);
        for (DWORD i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          PROPERTYKEY pk;
          if (SUCCEEDED(store->GetAt(i, &pk)))
          {
            CComHeapPtr<wchar_t> pkName;
            PSGetNameFromPropertyKey(pk, &pkName); // needs propsys.lib

            PROPVARIANT pv;
            PropVariantInit(&pv);
            if (SUCCEEDED(store->GetValue(pk, &pv)))
            {
              CComHeapPtr<wchar_t> pvs;
              pvs.Allocate(512);
              PropVariantToString(pv, pvs, 512); // needs propvarutil.h and propsys.lib
              PropVariantClear(&pv);
              wprintf(L" %s=%s\n", pkName, pvs);
            }
            else
            {
              wprintf(L" %s=???\n", pkName);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

CoUninitialize();

note1: I've used Visual Studio's ATL smart classes, which is much easier.

note2: I've used IShellItem which is somehow the new way to program the Shell. You shouldn't need to use IShellFolder, IEnumIDList, STRRET, etc anymore

Note3: I've added a code to dump all properties of an item. The list an content of properties depends on the type of application. Here are tow examples:

Google Chrome (not a UWP app)
 System.ItemNameDisplay=Google Chrome
 System.Keywords=chrome
 System.Tile.Background=4285031263
 System.Tile.Foreground=4294967295
 System.Tile.Square150x150LogoPath=79.0.3945.130\VisualElements\Logo.png
 System.Tile.Flags=1185
 System.Tile.Square70x70LogoPath=79.0.3945.130\VisualElements\SmallLogo.png
 System.ThumbnailCacheId=15284856079963922257
 System.Link.TargetParsingPath=C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
 System.AppUserModel.ID=Chrome
 System.AppUserModel.PreventPinning=0
 System.AppUserModel.BestShortcut=20; 0; 31; 80; 224; 79; 208; 32; 234; 58; 105; 16; 162; 216; 8; 0; 43; 48; 48; 157; 25; 0; 47; 67; 58; 92; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 98; 0; 49; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 16; 0; 80; 114; 111; 103; 114; 97; 109; 68; 97; 116; 97; 0; 72; 0; 9; 0; 4; 0; 239; 190; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 46; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 80; 0; 114; 0; 111; 0; 103; 0; 114; 0; 97; 0; 109; 0; 68; 0; 97; 0; 116; 0; 97; 0; 0; 0; 26; 0; 92; 0; 49
 System.AppUserModel.HostEnvironment=0
 System.AppUserModel.InstalledBy=0
 System.AppUserModel.RunFlags=1
 ...

Paint 3D (a UWP app).
 System.ItemNameDisplay=Paint 3D
 System.Tile.SmallLogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square44x44\PaintAppList.png
 System.Tile.Background=4292311040
 System.Tile.Foreground=4294967295
 System.Tile.LongDisplayName=Paint 3D
 System.Tile.Square150x150LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square150x150\PaintMedTile.png
 System.Tile.Wide310x150LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Wide310x150\PaintWideTile.png
 System.Tile.Flags=1185
 System.Tile.Square310x310LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square310x310\PaintLargeTile.png
 System.Tile.Square70x70LogoPath=Assets\Logos\Square71x71\PaintSmallTile.png
 System.Launcher.AppState=0
 System.ThumbnailCacheId=10531553521183290931
 System.AppUserModel.ID=Microsoft.MSPaint_8wekyb3d8bbwe!Microsoft.MSPaint
 System.AppUserModel.HostEnvironment=1
 System.AppUserModel.PackageInstallPath=C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.MSPaint_6.1907.18017.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe
 System.AppUserModel.PackageFamilyName=Microsoft.MSPaint_8wekyb3d8bbwe
 System.AppUserModel.PackageFullName=Microsoft.MSPaint_6.1907.18017.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe
 System.AppUserModel.TileUniqueId={3911A337-8941-4141-9D5D-6C2575D40995}